Practical project

In this chapter, you leverage the knowledge you have learned so far to build a practical task management app.

What you learn in this chapter

• Building a practical app with React + TypeScript + Tailwind CSS
• State management and local storage persistence with Zustand
• Routing implementation with React Router
• Best practices for component design and feature splitting

info

In this chapter, you build a task management app based on the project created in Chapter 3. Start the dev server with npm run dev and learn while writing code.

info

Actually building an app hands-on helps the knowledge stick. In this project, you use a bit of everything covered in this book — React / TypeScript / Tailwind CSS / Zustand / React Router. While copying the code, add your own twists according to your interests.

Project overview

Features

• Add, edit, and delete tasks
• Toggle a task's completion state
• Filtering (all / active / completed)
• Persistence to local storage

Technologies used

• React + TypeScript
• Vite
• Tailwind CSS
• Zustand (state management)
• React Router (routing)

Project structure

src/
├── components/
│   ├── TaskForm.tsx
│   ├── TaskItem.tsx
│   ├── TaskList.tsx
│   └── FilterTabs.tsx
├── hooks/
│   └── useLocalStorage.ts
├── stores/
│   └── taskStore.ts
├── types/
│   └── task.ts
├── pages/
│   ├── Home.tsx
│   └── About.tsx
├── App.tsx
└── main.tsx

Type definitions

// src/types/task.ts
export type Task = {
  id: string
  title: string
  completed: boolean
  createdAt: Date
}

export type FilterType = 'all' | 'active' | 'completed'

The Zustand store

// src/stores/taskStore.ts
import { create } from 'zustand'
import { persist } from 'zustand/middleware'
import type { Task, FilterType } from '../types/task'

type TaskStore = {
  tasks: Task[]
  filter: FilterType
  addTask: (title: string) => void
  toggleTask: (id: string) => void
  deleteTask: (id: string) => void
  editTask: (id: string, title: string) => void
  setFilter: (filter: FilterType) => void
  clearCompleted: () => void
}

export const useTaskStore = create<TaskStore>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      tasks: [],
      filter: 'all',

      addTask: (title) =>
        set((state) => ({
          tasks: [
            ...state.tasks,
            {
              id: crypto.randomUUID(),
              title,
              completed: false,
              createdAt: new Date()
            }
          ]
        })),

      toggleTask: (id) =>
        set((state) => ({
          tasks: state.tasks.map((task) =>
            task.id === id ? { ...task, completed: !task.completed } : task
          )
        })),

      deleteTask: (id) =>
        set((state) => ({
          tasks: state.tasks.filter((task) => task.id !== id)
        })),

      editTask: (id, title) =>
        set((state) => ({
          tasks: state.tasks.map((task) =>
            task.id === id ? { ...task, title } : task
          )
        })),

      setFilter: (filter) => set({ filter }),

      clearCompleted: () =>
        set((state) => ({
          tasks: state.tasks.filter((task) => !task.completed)
        }))
    }),
    {
      name: 'task-storage'
    }
  )
)

Components

TaskForm

// src/components/TaskForm.tsx
import { useState } from 'react'
import { useTaskStore } from '../stores/taskStore'

export function TaskForm() {
  const [title, setTitle] = useState('')
  const addTask = useTaskStore((state) => state.addTask)

  const handleTitleChange = (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
    setTitle(e.target.value)
  }

  const handleSubmit = (e: React.FormEvent) => {
    e.preventDefault()
    if (title.trim()) {
      addTask(title.trim())
      setTitle('')
    }
  }

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="flex gap-2 mb-4">
      <input
        type="text"
        value={title}
        onChange={handleTitleChange}
        placeholder="Enter a new task..."
        className="flex-1 px-4 py-2 border border-gray-300 rounded-lg
                   focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500"
      />
      <button
        type="submit"
        className="px-4 py-2 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded-lg
                   hover:bg-blue-600 transition-colors"
      >
        Add
      </button>
    </form>
  )
}

TaskItem

// src/components/TaskItem.tsx
import { useState } from 'react'
import { useTaskStore } from '../stores/taskStore'
import type { Task } from '../types/task'

type TaskItemProps = {
  task: Task
}

export function TaskItem({ task }: TaskItemProps) {
  const [isEditing, setIsEditing] = useState(false)
  const [editTitle, setEditTitle] = useState(task.title)

  const toggleTask = useTaskStore((state) => state.toggleTask)
  const deleteTask = useTaskStore((state) => state.deleteTask)
  const editTask = useTaskStore((state) => state.editTask)

  const handleToggle = () => {
    toggleTask(task.id)
  }

  const handleEditTitleChange = (e: React.ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
    setEditTitle(e.target.value)
  }

  const handleStartEditing = () => {
    setIsEditing(true)
  }

  const handleDelete = () => {
    deleteTask(task.id)
  }

  const handleSave = () => {
    if (editTitle.trim()) {
      editTask(task.id, editTitle.trim())
      setIsEditing(false)
    }
  }

  const handleKeyDown = (e: React.KeyboardEvent) => {
    if (e.key === 'Enter') handleSave()
    if (e.key === 'Escape') {
      setEditTitle(task.title)
      setIsEditing(false)
    }
  }

  return (
    <li className="flex items-center gap-3 p-3 bg-white rounded-lg shadow">
      <input
        type="checkbox"
        checked={task.completed}
        onChange={handleToggle}
        className="w-5 h-5 accent-blue-500"
      />

      {isEditing ? (
        <input
          type="text"
          value={editTitle}
          onChange={handleEditTitleChange}
          onBlur={handleSave}
          onKeyDown={handleKeyDown}
          autoFocus
          className="flex-1 px-2 py-1 border rounded"
        />
      ) : (
        <span
          onDoubleClick={handleStartEditing}
          className={`flex-1 ${
            task.completed ? 'line-through text-gray-400' : ''
          }`}
        >
          {task.title}
        </span>
      )}

      <button
        onClick={handleDelete}
        className="px-2 py-1 text-red-500 hover:text-red-700"
      >
        Delete
      </button>
    </li>
  )
}

FilterTabs

// src/components/FilterTabs.tsx
import { useTaskStore } from '../stores/taskStore'
import type { FilterType } from '../types/task'

const filters: { value: FilterType; label: string }[] = [
  { value: 'all', label: 'All' },
  { value: 'active', label: 'Active' },
  { value: 'completed', label: 'Completed' }
]

export function FilterTabs() {
  const filter = useTaskStore((state) => state.filter)
  const setFilter = useTaskStore((state) => state.setFilter)

  const createFilterHandler = (value: FilterType) => () => {
    setFilter(value)
  }

  return (
    <div className="flex gap-2 mb-4">
      {filters.map(({ value, label }) => (
        <button
          key={value}
          onClick={createFilterHandler(value)}
          className={`px-4 py-2 rounded-lg transition-colors ${
            filter === value
              ? 'bg-blue-500 text-white'
              : 'bg-gray-200 text-gray-700 hover:bg-gray-300'
          }`}
        >
          {label}
        </button>
      ))}
    </div>
  )
}

TaskList

// src/components/TaskList.tsx
import { useTaskStore } from '../stores/taskStore'
import { TaskItem } from './TaskItem'

export function TaskList() {
  const tasks = useTaskStore((state) => state.tasks)
  const filter = useTaskStore((state) => state.filter)

  const filteredTasks = tasks.filter((task) => {
    if (filter === 'active') return !task.completed
    if (filter === 'completed') return task.completed
    return true
  })

  if (filteredTasks.length === 0) {
    return (
      <p className="text-center text-gray-500 py-8">
        No tasks
      </p>
    )
  }

  return (
    <ul className="space-y-2">
      {filteredTasks.map((task) => (
        <TaskItem key={task.id} task={task} />
      ))}
    </ul>
  )
}

Pages

// src/pages/Home.tsx
import { TaskForm } from '../components/TaskForm'
import { FilterTabs } from '../components/FilterTabs'
import { TaskList } from '../components/TaskList'
import { useTaskStore } from '../stores/taskStore'

export function Home() {
  const tasks = useTaskStore((state) => state.tasks)
  const clearCompleted = useTaskStore((state) => state.clearCompleted)

  const completedCount = tasks.filter((t) => t.completed).length
  const activeCount = tasks.length - completedCount

  const handleClearCompleted = () => {
    clearCompleted()
  }

  return (
    <div className="max-w-lg mx-auto p-4">
      <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-6">Task Manager</h1>

      <TaskForm />
      <FilterTabs />
      <TaskList />

      <div className="mt-4 flex justify-between text-sm text-gray-500">
        <span>Remaining: {activeCount}</span>
        {completedCount > 0 && (
          <button
            onClick={handleClearCompleted}
            className="hover:text-red-500"
          >
            Clear completed
          </button>
        )}
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

// src/pages/About.tsx
export function About() {
  return (
    <div className="max-w-lg mx-auto p-4">
      <h1 className="text-2xl font-bold mb-6">About</h1>
      <p>A task management app built with React + TypeScript + Zustand + React Router.</p>
    </div>
  )
}

The application

// src/App.tsx
import { Routes, Route, Link } from 'react-router'
import { Home } from './pages/Home'
import { About } from './pages/About'

function App() {
  return (
    <div className="min-h-screen bg-gray-100">
      <nav className="bg-white shadow p-4 mb-4">
        <div className="max-w-lg mx-auto flex gap-4">
          <Link to="/" className="text-blue-500 hover:underline">
            Home
          </Link>
          <Link to="/about" className="text-blue-500 hover:underline">
            About
          </Link>
        </div>
      </nav>

      <Routes>
        <Route path="/" element={<Home />} />
        <Route path="/about" element={<About />} />
      </Routes>
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

// src/main.tsx (revert to the declarative routing setup from Chapter 21)
import { StrictMode } from 'react'
import { createRoot } from 'react-dom/client'
import { BrowserRouter } from 'react-router'
import App from './App'
import './index.css'

createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
  <StrictMode>
    <BrowserRouter>
      <App />
    </BrowserRouter>
  </StrictMode>
)

Advanced challenges

Ideas to further extend this project:

1. Adding due dates: set a due date on tasks and warn about overdue ones
2. Categories/tags: classify and manage tasks
3. Drag-and-drop: reorder tasks
4. Dark mode: a theme switching feature
5. API integration: persist data by integrating with a backend
6. Testing: add unit tests with Vitest

Try it

Once the task management app is complete, take on the following advanced challenges.

1. Add a due date feature: make it possible to set a due date on tasks, and display overdue tasks in red. Add a Date type field and add a date input to the form.

2. Add a categories/tags feature: set a category on tasks and make it possible to filter by category. Add a category array to the Zustand store.

3. Implement dark mode: using Tailwind CSS's dark: class, add dark mode support. Manage the theme state with Zustand and persist it.

Hint

1. Add dueDate?: Date to the Task type and add a date input to TaskForm. Determine overdue with new Date() > new Date(task.dueDate) (because a value restored by persist becomes a string, convert it with new Date()).
2. Extend FilterType, or add a separate categoryFilter state. You can implement the UI based on FilterTabs.
3. Tailwind v4's dark: follows the OS setting (prefers-color-scheme) by default. To make it class-switching, define @custom-variant dark in CSS and add class="dark" to the html element. Persist the theme with localStorage.

Answer and explanation

Challenge 1: Add a due date feature

// src/types/task.ts
export type Task = {
  id: string
  title: string
  completed: boolean
  createdAt: Date
  dueDate?: Date  // add a due date
}

// src/stores/taskStore.ts (modify the TaskStore type and addTask)
type TaskStore = {
  // ...
  addTask: (title: string, dueDate?: Date) => void
  // ...
}

addTask: (title, dueDate) =>
  set((state) => ({
    tasks: [
      ...state.tasks,
      {
        id: crypto.randomUUID(),
        title,
        completed: false,
        createdAt: new Date(),
        dueDate
      }
    ]
  })),

// src/components/TaskForm.tsx
import { useState } from 'react'
import { useTaskStore } from '../stores/taskStore'

export function TaskForm() {
  const [title, setTitle] = useState('')
  const [dueDate, setDueDate] = useState('')
  const addTask = useTaskStore((state) => state.addTask)

  const handleSubmit = (e: React.FormEvent) => {
    e.preventDefault()
    if (title.trim()) {
      addTask(title.trim(), dueDate ? new Date(dueDate) : undefined)
      setTitle('')
      setDueDate('')
    }
  }

  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="flex gap-2 mb-4">
      <input
        type="text"
        value={title}
        onChange={(e) => setTitle(e.target.value)}
        placeholder="Enter a new task..."
        className="flex-1 px-4 py-2 border rounded-lg"
      />
      <input
        type="date"
        value={dueDate}
        onChange={(e) => setDueDate(e.target.value)}
        className="px-4 py-2 border rounded-lg"
      />
      <button type="submit" className="px-4 py-2 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded-lg">
        Add
      </button>
    </form>
  )
}

// src/components/TaskItem.tsx (add the overdue display)
const isOverdue = task.dueDate && new Date() > new Date(task.dueDate) && !task.completed

return (
  <li className={`flex items-center gap-3 p-3 rounded-lg shadow ${isOverdue ? 'bg-red-50 border-red-200' : 'bg-white'}`}>
    {/* ... */}
    {task.dueDate && (
      <span className={`text-sm ${isOverdue ? 'text-red-500 font-bold' : 'text-gray-500'}`}>
        {new Date(task.dueDate).toLocaleDateString()}
      </span>
    )}
  </li>
)

Tasks that pass their due date have a red background and the date displayed in red. Completed tasks do not show the overdue display. Note that because persist saves as JSON, a Date is restored as a string after reload. Convert it back with new Date() where you use it, or design it to hold an ISO string (string type) from the start.

---

Challenge 2: Add a categories/tags feature

// src/types/task.ts
export type Task = {
  id: string
  title: string
  completed: boolean
  createdAt: Date
  category?: string  // add a category
}

export type FilterType = 'all' | 'active' | 'completed'

// src/stores/taskStore.ts
type TaskStore = {
  tasks: Task[]
  filter: FilterType
  categoryFilter: string | null  // add a category filter
  categories: string[]           // the category list
  addTask: (title: string, category?: string) => void
  setCategoryFilter: (category: string | null) => void
  // ...
}

export const useTaskStore = create<TaskStore>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      tasks: [],
      filter: 'all',
      categoryFilter: null,
      categories: ['Work', 'Personal', 'Shopping'],

      addTask: (title, category) =>
        set((state) => ({
          tasks: [
            ...state.tasks,
            {
              id: crypto.randomUUID(),
              title,
              completed: false,
              createdAt: new Date(),
              category
            }
          ]
        })),

      setCategoryFilter: (category) => set({ categoryFilter: category }),
      // ...
    }),
    { name: 'task-storage' }
  )
)

// src/components/CategoryTabs.tsx
import { useTaskStore } from '../stores/taskStore'

export function CategoryTabs() {
  const categories = useTaskStore((state) => state.categories)
  const categoryFilter = useTaskStore((state) => state.categoryFilter)
  const setCategoryFilter = useTaskStore((state) => state.setCategoryFilter)

  const handleClearFilter = () => {
    setCategoryFilter(null)
  }

  const createCategoryHandler = (category: string) => () => {
    setCategoryFilter(category)
  }

  return (
    <div className="flex gap-2 mb-4 flex-wrap">
      <button
        onClick={handleClearFilter}
        className={`px-3 py-1 rounded ${
          categoryFilter === null ? 'bg-blue-500 text-white' : 'bg-gray-200'
        }`}
      >
        All
      </button>
      {categories.map((category) => (
        <button
          key={category}
          onClick={createCategoryHandler(category)}
          className={`px-3 py-1 rounded ${
            categoryFilter === category ? 'bg-blue-500 text-white' : 'bg-gray-200'
          }`}
        >
          {category}
        </button>
      ))}
    </div>
  )
}

---

Challenge 3: Implement dark mode

// src/stores/themeStore.ts
import { create } from 'zustand'
import { persist } from 'zustand/middleware'

type ThemeStore = {
  isDark: boolean
  toggleTheme: () => void
}

export const useThemeStore = create<ThemeStore>()(
  persist(
    (set) => ({
      isDark: false,
      toggleTheme: () => set((state) => ({ isDark: !state.isDark }))
    }),
    { name: 'theme-storage' }
  )
)

// src/App.tsx
import { useEffect } from 'react'
import { useThemeStore } from './stores/themeStore'

function App() {
  const isDark = useThemeStore((state) => state.isDark)
  const toggleTheme = useThemeStore((state) => state.toggleTheme)

  useEffect(() => {
    document.documentElement.classList.toggle('dark', isDark)
  }, [isDark])

  return (
    <div className="min-h-screen bg-gray-100 dark:bg-gray-900 transition-colors">
      <nav className="bg-white dark:bg-gray-800 shadow p-4 mb-4">
        <div className="max-w-lg mx-auto flex justify-between items-center">
          <span className="font-bold dark:text-white">Task Manager</span>
          <button
            onClick={toggleTheme}
            className="p-2 rounded bg-gray-200 dark:bg-gray-700 dark:text-white"
          >
            {isDark ? '🌞' : '🌙'}
          </button>
        </div>
      </nav>
      {/* ... */}
    </div>
  )
}

/* src/index.css (override the dark variant to be class-switching) */
@import "tailwindcss";
@custom-variant dark (&:where(.dark, .dark *));

When you override the dark variant to be class-linked with @custom-variant, the dark: styles are applied when class="dark" is on the html element. With useEffect, you watch for changes to isDark and toggle the class on document.documentElement. The theme setting is also persisted with the persist middleware.

Summary

Through this book, you have acquired the following modern React development skills.

• React fundamentals: components, Props, State, events
• Hooks: useState, useEffect, custom hooks
• TypeScript: type-safe development
• Tailwind CSS: utility-first styling
• Zustand: simple state management
• TanStack Query: server-state management
• React Router: client-side routing

Building on this knowledge, in the next chapter you will step up to full-stack development.

In the next chapter, you will learn how to implement SPA authentication.

What to read next

We move on to full-stack development. With SPA authentication, the NestJS + Prisma backend, and a full-stack project, you integrate the frontend and backend.

• Designing SPA authentication